d-Orbital / Ligand Field Visualizer

Explore the shapes of the five d-orbitals and their interactions with ligands in various coordination geometries.

Angular Wavefunctions

d-Orbitals

Orbitals

bright = +
dark = −

Same Atom, Same Origin

s & p Orbitals

Central orbitals

s
Cartesian axes

Coordination Geometry

Ligand Field

Geometry

Ligand distance 3.4

Crystal field shell

Point-charge sphere
Shell opacity 15%

π / σ System

Ligand p-Orbitals

Per-ligand orbitals

· σ (along M–L)
· π
· π

Defined per-ligand relative to the M–L bond: points along the bond (σ), / sit perpendicular to it (π) — the orbitals that can donate into or accept from the metal -type set.

drag to orbit · scroll to zoom

Contact Details

Department of Chemistry,
Memorial University,
St. John's, NL
Canada

Phone: 1-709-864-8745
Email: mkatz@mun.ca
Website: www.KatzResearchGroup.com